ইংৰাজী ব্যাকৰণৰ "Verb" কি আৰু "Verb"ৰ বিভিন্ন প্ৰকাৰসমূহ অসমীয়াত
English Grammar Verb and Different Types of Verb In Assamese
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Verb |
What Is Verb ? What Is the Defination of Verb ?
Verb হৈছে কথনৰ এটা প্রয়োজনীয় অংগ। Verb অবিহনে কোনো sentence গঠন কৰা সম্ভৱ নহয়। ই একোটা শাৰীৰিক বা মানসিক ক্রিয়া দেখুৱায়।
(A verb is a word or a combination of words that indicates action or a state of being or condition.)
(The verb is an important part of speech. Without the verb, no sentence can be formed. It shows a physical or mental action.)
উদাহৰণস্বৰূপেঃ (Example:)
• We eat rice.
* বাক্যটোত eat হৈছে verb.
• He plays Pubg.
* বাক্যটোত play হৈছে verb.
• She gave me a pen.
* বাক্যটোত gave হৈছে verb.
Classification and Different Types of Verb
ইংৰাজীত বিভিন্ন ধৰণৰ ক্ৰিয়া (verbs) আছে। তলত কিছু আলোচনা কৰা হ'ল-
(There are many types of verbs. Some are discussed below:)
- Finite Verb (সমাপিকা ক্রিয়া)
- Non-finite Verbs (অসমাপিকা ক্রিয়া)
- Action Verbs ( কাৰ্যকৰী বা কৰ্ম ক্রিয়া)
- Auxiliary Verbs (সহায়কাৰী ক্রিয়া)
- Linking Verbs/Stative Verbs (ক্রিয়া সংযোগ)
Finite Verb (সসীম ক্রিয়া):
Finite Verb বাক্যৰ প্ৰধান verb হ'ব পাৰে আৰু বাক্য গঠনৰ ক্ষেত্ৰত subject ৰ number আৰু person ৰ সাহায্যত এই verb form নিৰ্ধাৰণ কৰা হয়।
(A Finite verb can come as the main verb in a sentence, and it changes according to the tenses of the action and the number and person of the subject.)
উদাহৰণস্বৰূপেঃ (Example) :
- I play music.
- He plays music.
- "Forgive me."
- He gave the reward to none.
- I have come to you, wise hermit.
Non-finite Verbs ( অসীম ক্রিয়া)
Non-finite verb কেতিয়াও main verb হ'ব নোৱাৰে। Non-finite verb বাক্যত সাধাৰণতে adjective অথবা adverb হিচাপে কাম কৰে কিন্তু verb হিচাপে নহয়। (Non-finite verbs can't be main verbs.)
উদাহৰণস্বৰূপেঃ ( Example):
- I like to play music.
- He likes to play music.
- They like playing music.
- The hermit was digging the ground.
- I would like to play music.
finite verb আৰু non-finite verb বাচনি কৰো আহকঃ
a) He decides to go to a hermit.
• decides: finite verb
• to go: non-finite verb
b) I pray you, to answer my questions.
• pray: finite verb
• to answer: non- finite verb
c) The sun began to sink. •
• began: finite verb
• to sink: non-finite verb
d) I pray you, to answer my questions.
• pray: finite verb
• to answer: non- finite verb
* Non-finite Verbs (অসীম ক্রিয়া) তিনি প্ৰকাৰৰঃ
(There are three types of non-finite verbs)
- Infinitives: to do, to eat, to drink, to dance
- Participles: doing, done, eating, eaten, drinking, drunk
- Gerunds: walking, swimming, running
Action Verbs ( কাৰ্যকৰী ক্রিয়া)
Action Verb এ Subject ৰ কামক বর্ণনা কৰে। যিকোনো কামকেই action verb হিচাপে বিবেচনা কৰিব পৰা যায়।
(Action verbs express actions. They complete the sentence and describe the subject's action.)
উদাহৰণস্বৰূপেঃ (Example):
• see: I want to see the beautiful sunset!
• run: The dog runs quickly.
• walk: Let us walk towards the beach.
• taste: This apple tastes good.
• hear: I can hear the children crying.
Action Verbs (কার্যত্মক ক্রিয়া) দুই প্রকাৰৰ :
(Action verbs are of two types.)
- Transitive Verbs (সকর্মক ক্রিয়া)
- Intransitive Verbs (অকর্মক ক্রিয়া)
i) Transitive Verb:(সকর্মক ক্রিয়া)
Transitive Verb সকলো সময়তে এটা direct objectৰ সৈতেই আহে। Direct object অবিহনে যি বাক্যটো অসম্পূর্ণ যেন লাগে, সেই বাক্যত transitive verb ব্যৱহৃত হয়। (Transitive verbs are those verbs which take an object along with them.)
উদাহৰণস্বৰূপেঃ (Example):
• Ram eats food.
(ইয়াত খাদ্য এটা direct object, ই eat verbৰ সৈতে আহিছে। verb 'eat' carries object food with it.)
• Raj is playing cricket.
(ইয়াত playing হৈছে transitive verb কিয়নো ই হৈছে cricket object ৰ দ্বাৰা অনুষঙ্গী। Here, the verb 'playing ' is a transitive verb because it is accompanied by an object i.e. cricket.)
ii) Intransitive Verb: (অকর্মক ক্রিয়া)
Intransitive Verb ৰ কোনো objectৰ প্ৰয়োজন নহয়। এইবোৰে নিজে নিজেই বাক্য সম্পূর্ণ কৰিব পাৰে। (Those verbs which do not need an object to accor are Intransitive verbs.)
উদাহৰণস্বৰূপেঃ (Example):
• He reached.
• He goes to school.
• The dog barks.
• Raj is playing.
(Here, the verb 'playing' is an intransitive verb because there is no object along with it and the result of the action 'playing' goes to the doer or the subject i.e. Raj.)
Auxiliary Verbs ( সহায়কাৰী ক্রিয়া)
যিবোৰ Verbৰ নিজস্ব কোনো অর্থ নাই আৰু বিভিন্ন ধৰণৰ Sentence গঠনত Principle Verb ক সহায় কৰে তাক Auxiliary Verb বোলে।
Auxiliary Verb হৈছে সাহায্যকাৰী Verb। এইবোৰে present participle আৰু past participle ক বাক্যত verb হিচাপে কাম কৰিবলৈ সহায় কৰে। এইবোৰৰ নিজস্ব কোনো সম্পূর্ণ অর্থ নাথাকিলেও ব্যাকৰণগত দিশৰ পৰা বাক্যৰ গঠন নিৰ্মাণত গুরুত্বপূর্ণ ভূমিকা পালন কৰে।
উদাহৰণস্বৰূপেঃ ( Example):
• Adil is going to school.
• Raju was reading a book.
• They were playing.
এই Sentence কেইটাত is, was, were যথাক্রমে going, reading আৰু playing এই Principle Verb কেইটাৰ অর্থ প্রকাশত সহায় কৰিছে সেয়েহে এইবোৰক Auxiliary Verb বোলে।
(Auxiliary verbs are also called helping verbs. It helps another verb to form its mood, voice, tense, etc. They don't have any meaning on their own, but they are very important to make the grammatical structure of the sentences. They help the main verbs.)
• Auxiliary Verbs (সহায়কাৰী ক্রিয়া) দুই প্ৰকাৰৰঃ
(Auxiliary Verbs are two types :)
- Primary auxiliary
- Modal Auxiliary
i) Primary Auxiliary:
Have, Do আৰু Be ক primary auxiliary বোলা হয়।
(Have, Do, and Be are known as primary auxiliaries.)
• Have ৰ ভিতৰত পৰিব :Have, has, had, having, had not.
• Present tense: have, has
• Past tense: had.
• Past participle: had
Example:
• I have tea in the morning.
• You have a test tomorrow.
• He has read the book.
• He had to go.
• We had done our household chores.
•Do ৰ ভিতৰত পৰিব : Do, does, done, to do, did, did not, does not ইত্যাদি।
• Present tense: do
• Past tense: did
• Past participle: done
Example:
• Do not lean over the fence.
• He likes to read and so do I.
• He does not work. Does he?
• I did the work daily.
• Yes, I did.
•Be ৰ ভিতৰত পৰিব :Am, is, are, was, were, be, to be, been, was not, were not
• Present tense: am, is, are
• Past tense: was, were
• Past participle: been etc
Example:
• I am to go to Meerut
• He is reading a book.
• You are to get the work done by tonight.
• We were reading a book .
ii) Modal Auxiliary:
Modal Auxiliary সাধাৰণতে মূল verbৰ অৰ্থক প্ৰভাৱিত কৰে কিন্তু সিহঁতেও সহায়কাৰী verb হিচাপেই বাক্যত ব্যৱহৃত হয়। যেনে: Shall, should, can, could, may, might, ought, ought to, will, would, must ইত্যাদি
(A modal auxiliary modifies the meaning of the main verb in some way. Shall, should, can, could, may, might, ought, ought to, will, would, must, etc. are known as modal auxiliary verbs.)
উদাহৰণস্বৰূপেঃ (Example) :
• I shall not come today.
• If it should rain, the match will be called off.
• You will work for me.
• I can walk to the hotel.
• Could I go to the party tonight?
• May I come in?
• She might come tomorrow.
• You must come tonight.
• We ought to win this.
Linking Verbs (সংযোগকাৰী ক্রিয়া)
Linking Verb সাধাৰণতে সেইবোৰ verbক বুজায় যিবোৰে কোনো কাম সম্পন্ন নকৰে বৰঞ্চ subjectৰ সৈতে বাক্যৰ বাকী অংশৰ যোগাযোগ স্থাপন কৰে। সাধাৰণতে, Be verb বোৰ যেতিয়া main verb হিচাপে sentenceত ব্যৱহৃত হয় তেতিয়া সেইবোৰক Linking Verbs বোলা হয়।
(Linking Verbs can behave both either main verbs or auxiliary verbs. They do not refer to actions, but represent a state of being, need, opinion, desire or senses. For example, be verbs (am, is, are, was, were, have, has, had....) are the example of no-action verbs. Smell, look, taste, sound, etc. are also called no-action verbs.)
উদাহৰণস্বৰূপেঃ (Example):
• I am a teacher.
• The cream smells funny.
• Thats sounds a good idea.
• Mmm! This tastes good.
• You look tired. You should go to bed.
আকৌ, কেতিয়াবা Verbক প্রধানত দুটা ভাগত ভাগ কৰা হয়।
- Principle Verb (প্রধান ক্রিয়া)
- Auxiliary Verb (সাহায্যকাৰী ক্রিয়া)
1) Principle Verb (প্রধান ক্রিয়া)
যি Verb এ অন্য কোনো Verb ৰ সহায় অবিহনেই স্বাধীনভাৱে সম্পূর্ণ অৰ্থ প্ৰকাশ কৰে তাকেই Principle Verb বোলে।
উদাহৰণস্বৰূপেঃ (Example):
• Rajib goes to school.
• Trishna reads a book.
• They play football.
• Naina wrote a letter.
এই Sentence কেইটাত যথাক্রমে go read, play আৰু wrote অন্য কোনো Verbৰ অবিহনেই সম্পূর্ণ অর্থ প্ৰকাশ কৰিছে যাৰ বাবে এইবোৰক Principle Verb বোলে।
2)Auxiliary Verb (সাহায্যকাৰী ক্রিয়া)
যিবোৰ Verbৰ নিজস্ব কোনো অর্থ নাই আৰু বিভিন্ন ধৰণৰ Sentence গঠনত Principle Verb ক সহায় কৰে তাক Auxiliary Verb বোলে।
Auxiliary Verb হৈছে সাহায্যকাৰী Verb। এইবোৰে present participle আৰু past participle ক বাক্যত verb হিচাপে কাম কৰিবলৈ সহায় কৰে। এইবোৰৰ নিজস্ব কোনো সম্পূর্ণ অর্থ নাথাকিলেও ব্যাকৰণগত দিশৰ পৰা বাক্যৰ গঠন নিৰ্মাণত গুরুত্বপূর্ণ ভূমিকা পালন কৰে।
উদাহৰণস্বৰূপেঃ ( Example):
• Adil is going to school.
• Raju was reading a book.
• They were playing.
এই Sentence কেইটাত is, was, were যথাক্রমে going, reading আৰু playing এই Principle Verb কেইটাৰ অর্থ প্রকাশত সহায় কৰিছে সেয়েহে এইবোৰক Auxiliary Verb বোলে।
(Auxiliary verbs are also called helping verbs. It helps another verb to form its mood, voice, tense, etc. They don't have any meaning on their own, but they are very important to make the grammatical structure of the sentences. They help the main verbs.)
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